1993

•  Asymmetric contact to potentiostat via heating current connection

1995

•  Invention of symmetric arrangement by Prof. Dr. Peter Gründler: a third contact in the middle of the electrode is  connected to the potentiostat
•  Temperature-Pulse Voltammetrie
•  Short-heat-pulses allow heating above boiling point

1999

•  heated carbon paste electrode

2005

•   heated hybridization sensors (DE Pat)

2006

•  bridge connection
•  compact instrument

End of 2006

•  first commercial instrument for direct (and indirect) electrode heating